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In a world where human relationships increasingly move into the digital sphere, and emotional manipulators gain new tools of influence, fraud is taking on ever more subtle forms. Victims of narcissistic fraudsters often do not realize they have fallen prey to a crime — until they lose money, reputation, or mental health.

However, Polish law provides specific legal protections against such abuses.

What Constitutes Fraud Under Polish Law

According to Article 286 §1 of the Polish Penal Code,

“Whoever, with the intent to gain financial benefit, induces another person to dispose of their property to their disadvantage by misleading them, exploiting their error, or their inability to properly understand the action undertaken — shall be subject to imprisonment from 6 months to 8 years.”

This means that even if the perpetrator uses emotional manipulation rather than an explicit lie — for instance, pretending affection, trust, or good intentions — their conduct may still constitute fraud, provided it results in the victim’s financial loss.

Emotional and Economic Fraud

Narcissistic perpetrators often combine emotional and economic fraud.

In personal relationships, this may involve promises of marriage, joint investments, or fictitious financial assistance.
In the business sphere, it can include false partnerships, invoice manipulations, or “gaslighting” business partners.

In both contexts, the same criminal provisions apply.
Additionally, under Article 415 of the Civil Code,

“Anyone who, through their own fault, causes harm to another, is obliged to repair it.”

Therefore, the victim may seek compensation or redress in civil proceedings, independently of any criminal case.

Evidence and Legal Proceedings

In cases of fraud based on psychological manipulation, it is crucial to collect evidence — such as correspondence, bank transfers, text messages, or recorded conversations — which can confirm intentional deception.

A criminal complaint may be filed with the public prosecutor’s office or the police, citing Article 286 of the Penal Code and describing the losses incurred. It is also advisable to seek assistance from a lawyer, who can prepare the complaint and ensure the victim’s interests are properly represented.

The Role of Professionals

In cases of narcissistic fraud, collaboration between lawyers and psychologists is essential. Victims often suffer from manipulative trauma syndrome, which impairs their ability to assess the situation rationally.

For this reason, comprehensive assistance — both legal and psychological — is the most effective path toward regaining control and achieving justice.

Summary

Fraud, even when disguised as a subtle emotional game, remains a criminal offence.
Polish law imposes severe penalties on perpetrators, but the key lies in awareness and prompt action. Every victim has the right to protection, compensation, and to reclaim their voice.

Antynarcyz supports individuals harmed by manipulation and abuse, offering comprehensive legal and psychological assistance in their pursuit of justice.